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Diabetes, or diabetes mellitus, is a chronic disease characterized by high blood sugar levels. There are two main types of diabetes: type 1 and type 2.
Type 1 diabetes
It is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. This form of diabetes usually appears in childhood or adolescence and requires lifelong insulin administration.
Type 2 diabetes
This type is much more common and usually develops in adulthood. It is associated with obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, and an unhealthy diet. In this type, the body either does not produce enough insulin or cannot use it effectively.
Treatment of diabetes includes not only pharmacotherapy but also lifestyle changes such as a healthy diet, regular physical activity, and maintaining a healthy body weight. The goal of treatment is to keep blood sugar levels as close to normal as possible in order to minimize the risk of complications, which may include heart disease, stroke, kidney damage, neuropathy, and retinopathy. Early diagnosis and careful disease control are key to preventing these complications and ensuring a good quality of life for people with diabetes.
What causes it
If high levels of blood glucose occur for a long time, the result can be permanent damage to organs such as the eyes, nerves, kidneys, or blood vessels.
- Stress
- poor diet
- Lack of exercise
- Obesity
- dehydration
- Skipping or incorrect dosing of diabetes medications
- over-treatment of hypoglycemia
- Some types of drugs, such as steroids
- an occasional occurrence of hyperglycemia can naturally occur even in children and
- young adults during adolescence.
- frequent urination
- frequent thirst
- weight loss, even though appetite remained the same
- frequent fatigue
- itchy and dry skin
- slow wound healing
- difficulty concentrating
- nerve problems
- poor vision
- infections
- impotence
- dry mouth
- persistent hunger
